Acyclovir, pills 200mg, 25pcs

Composition

1 tablet contains:

Active ingredient:

acyclovir 200 mg

Pharmacological action

Pharmaceutical group:

antiviral agent.

Pharmaceutical action:  

Antiviral drug-a synthetic analog of thymidine nucleoside.

In infected cells containing viral thymidine kinase, phosphorylation occurs and conversion to acyclovir monophosphate. Under the influence of acyclovir guanylate cyclase, monophosphate is converted to diphosphate and under the action of several cellular enzymes – to triphosphate. The high selectivity of action and low toxicity to humans are due to the lack of the necessary enzyme for the formation of acyclovir triphosphate in intact cells of the macroorganism.

Acyclovir triphosphate, “embedded” in the DNA synthesized by the virus, blocks the reproduction of the virus. The specificity and very high selectivity of its action are also due to its predominant accumulation in cells affected by the herpes virus. It is highly active against Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2; Varicella zoster and Varicella zoster viruses; Epstein-Barr virus (types of viruses are listed in ascending order of acyclovir MPC).

Moderately active against CMV. With herpes, it prevents the formation of new rash elements, reduces the likelihood of skin dissemination and visceral complications, accelerates the formation of crusts, and reduces pain in the acute phase of herpes zoster. It has an immunostimulating effect.

Indications

Treatment of primary and recurrent severe genital herpes (including in patients with impaired immunity) – orally and parenterally;

prevention is often recurrent (6 or more cases per year) genital herpes (including in patients with impaired immunity) – inside;

treatment of primary and recurrent herpes simplex with lesions of skin and mucous membranes caused by Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, in patients with impaired immunity – orally, parenterally;

prophylaxis of herpes simplex in patients with impaired immunity (including after transplantation and the treatment of immunosuppressive drugs, HIV-infected patients on chemotherapy) – inside;

encephalitis caused by Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 type – parenteral;

treatment of herpes zoster, caused by Varicella zoster virus in adults – inside; in patients with impaired immunity and generalized herpes zoster in patients with intact immunity – parenteral;

prevention of herpes zoster, caused by Varicella zoster virus, after an initial period of use of acyclovir for parenteral use in all patients with impaired immunity (including after transplantation and in the treatment of immunosuppressive drugs, HIV-infected patients on chemotherapy) – inside;

herpes zoster with eye disease – orally, parenterally;

generalized infection in neonates caused by Herpes simplex virus – parenteral;

varicella in patients with intact immunity within 24 hours after the onset of the rash typical of the interior, in patients with impaired immunity – parenteral.

Use during pregnancy and lactation

Use during pregnancy is only possible if the intended benefit to the mother outweighs the potential risk to the fetus. If it is necessary to use the drug during lactation, stop breastfeeding.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity (including to valacyclovir), children under 3 years of age (for solid LF).

With caution. Pregnancy and lactation.

Side effects

From the digestive system: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain; rarely-reversible increase in the content of bilirubin and the activity of” liver ” enzymes. From the hematopoietic system: very rarely – anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia. From the urinary system: rarely-increased urea and creatinine levels in the blood;very rarely-acute renal failure. From the central nervous system: headache, weakness, dizziness, increased fatigue, confusion, hallucinations, drowsiness, paresthesia, convulsions, decreased concentration, agitation. Allergic reactions: pruritus, rash, Lyell’s syndrome, urticaria, erythema multiforme, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome, angioedema, anaphylaxis. Other services: fever, lymphadenopathy, peripheral edema, visual impairment, myalgia, alopecia.

Interaction

When used concomitantly with probenecid, the average half-life increases and the clearance of acyclovir decreases.

When taken concomitantly with nephrotoxic drugs, the risk of developing impaired renal function increases.

How to take, course of use and dosage

Inside, during or immediately after a meal, drink enough water. The dosage regimen is set individually depending on the severity of the disease. In the treatment of infections of the skin and mucous membranes caused by the Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, adults – 200 mg 5 times a day (every 4 hours during wakefulness, with the exception of nighttime sleep) for 5 days, for the treatment of genital herpes-10 days, if necessary, the duration of treatment can be extended. As part of complex therapy for severe immunodeficiency, including with a detailed clinical picture of HIV infection (including early clinical manifestations of HIV infection and AIDS stage), after bone marrow implantation,400 mg is prescribed 5 times a day. To prevent relapses of infections caused by Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 in patients with normal immune statusadult-200 mg 4 times a day every 6 hours, the course duration is from 3 to 12 months. For the prevention of infections caused by Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, in patients with adult immunodeficiency-200 mg 4 times a day every 6 hours, the maximum dose is up to 400 mg 5 times a day, depending on the severity of the infection. In the treatment of shingles-800 mg 5 times a day (every 4 hours during wakefulness, with the exception of night sleep) for 7-10 days. Children over the age of 3 years of the drug is prescribed in the same dose as adults. Treatment of chickenpox: adults and children over 6 years – 800 mg 4 times a day; children 3-6 years-400 mg 4 times a day. More precisely, the dose can be determined at the rate of 20 mg / kg. The course of treatment is 5 days. In patients with impaired renal function, it is necessary to adjust the dose and dosage regimen depending on the value of creatinine clearance and the type of infection. For the treatment of infection caused by Herpes simplex, if the creatinine clearance is less than 10 ml / min, the daily dose of the drug should be reduced to 400 mg, divided into 2 doses (at intervals between them of at least 12 hours, i. e. 200 mg 2 times a day). In the treatment of infections caused by Varicella zoster, and in the maintenance therapy of patients with severe immunodeficiency-patients with a creatinine clearance of 10-25 ml / min are prescribed the drug 800 mg 3 times a day with an interval of 8 hours, with a creatinine clearance of less than 10 ml/min – 800 mg 2 times a day with an interval of 12 hours.

Overdose

Oral use of 20 g of acyclovir has been reported. Symptoms: agitation, coma, convulsions, lethargy. Precipitation of acyclovir in the renal tubules is possible if its concentration exceeds the solubility in the renal tubules (2.5 mg / ml).

Overdose with parenteral use (with bolus use, or use in high doses, or in patients whose water-electrolyte balance was not properly controlled): increased urea nitrogen, hypercreatininemia, impaired renal function, lethargy, convulsions, coma.

Treatment: maintenance of vital functions, hemodialysis.

Special instructions

Caution should be exercised when prescribing Acyclovir to patients with impaired renal function, elderly patients due to the increased half-life of acyclovir.

When using the drug, it is necessary to ensure the intake of a sufficient amount of fluid.

The effectiveness of treatment when applying the ointment will be the higher, the earlier it is started.

In patients with immunodeficiency, repeated courses of treatment sometimes lead to the formation of viral resistance to acyclovir.

When taking the drug, renal function (blood urea and plasma creatinine levels) should be monitored.

Composition

Tablet Form of production

Storage conditions

Store in a dry place, protected from light, out of reach of children, at a temperature not exceeding 25°C.

Active ingredient

Acyclovir

Conditions of release from pharmacies

By prescription

Dosage form

Tablets

Purpose

Children over 3 years of age, Pregnant women as prescribed by a doctor, Adults as prescribed by a doctor, Children as prescribed by a doctor

Indications

Inflammatory Eye Diseases, Colds, Herpes