Phenzitat^® (Tablets) Instructions for Use

ATC Code

N05BX (Other anxiolytics)

Active Substance

Bromdihydrochlorphenylbenzodiazepine

Clinical-Pharmacological Group

Anxiolytic (tranquilizer)

Pharmacotherapeutic Group

Psycholeptics; anxiolytics; benzodiazepine derivatives

Pharmacological Action

Anxiolytic agent (tranquilizer) of the benzodiazepine series. It has anxiolytic, sedative-hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and central muscle relaxant effects.

It enhances the inhibitory effect of GABA on the transmission of nerve impulses. It stimulates benzodiazepine receptors located in the allosteric center of postsynaptic GABA receptors of the ascending activating reticular formation of the brainstem and interneurons of the lateral horns of the spinal cord; it reduces the excitability of subcortical structures of the brain (limbic system, thalamus, hypothalamus), and inhibits polysynaptic spinal reflexes.

The anxiolytic effect is due to the influence on the amygdala complex of the limbic system and is manifested by a decrease in emotional tension, weakening of anxiety, fear, and worry.

The sedative effect is due to the influence on the reticular formation of the brainstem and nonspecific nuclei of the thalamus and is manifested by a reduction in symptoms of neurotic origin (anxiety, fear).

It has practically no effect on productive symptoms of psychotic origin (acute delusional, hallucinatory, affective disorders); a reduction in affective tension and delusional disorders is rarely observed.

The hypnotic action is associated with the inhibition of cells of the reticular formation of the brainstem. It reduces the impact of emotional, vegetative, and motor stimuli that disrupt the mechanism of falling asleep.

The anticonvulsant action is realized by enhancing presynaptic inhibition, suppressing the spread of the convulsive impulse, but does not relieve the excited state of the focus. The central muscle relaxant effect is due to the inhibition of polysynaptic spinal afferent inhibitory pathways (and to a lesser extent, monosynaptic ones). Direct inhibition of motor nerves and muscle function is also possible.

Pharmacokinetics

After oral administration, it is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, T_max – 1-2 hours. Metabolized in the liver. T_1/2 – 6-10-18 hours. Excreted mainly by the kidneys as metabolites.

Indications

Neurotic, neurosis-like, psychopathic and psychopath-like and other conditions (irritability, anxiety, nervous tension, emotional lability), reactive psychoses and senesthopathic-hypochondriacal disorders (including those resistant to the action of other anxiolytic agents (tranquilizers), obsessiveness, insomnia, withdrawal syndrome (alcoholism, substance abuse), status epilepticus, epileptic seizures (of various etiologies), temporal and myoclonic epilepsy.

In extreme conditions – as a means to facilitate overcoming feelings of fear and emotional tension.

As an antipsychotic agent – schizophrenia with increased sensitivity to antipsychotic drugs (including febrile form).

In neurological practice – muscle rigidity, athetosis, hyperkinesis, tic, autonomic lability (paroxysms of sympathoadrenal and mixed character).

In anesthesiology – premedication (as a component of induction anesthesia).

ICD codes

Dosage Regimen

Tablets

IM or IV (bolus or drip): for rapid relief of fear, anxiety, psychomotor agitation, as well as for vegetative paroxysms and psychotic states, initial dose – 0.5-1 mg, average daily dose – 3-5 mg, in severe cases – up to 7-9 mg.

Orally: for sleep disorders – 250-500 mcg 20-30 minutes before sleep. For the treatment of neurotic, psychopathic, neurosis-like and psychopath-like conditions, the initial dose is 0.5-1 mg 2-3 times a day. After 2-4 days, taking into account efficacy and tolerability, the dose may be increased to 4-6 mg/day. In cases of pronounced agitation, fear, anxiety, treatment is started with a dose of 3 mg/day, rapidly increasing the dose until a therapeutic effect is obtained. For the treatment of epilepsy – 2-10 mg/day.

For the treatment of alcohol withdrawal – orally, 2-5 mg/day or IM, 500 mcg 1-2 times/day; for vegetative paroxysms – IM, 0.5-1 mg. The average daily dose is 1.5-5 mg, divided into 2-3 doses, usually 0.5-1 mg in the morning and afternoon and up to 2.5 mg at night. In neurological practice for diseases with muscle hypertonia, 2-3 mg 1-2 times/day is prescribed. The maximum daily dose is 10 mg.

To avoid the development of drug dependence during course treatment, the duration of use is 2 weeks (in some cases, the duration of treatment may be increased to 2 months). When discontinuing this medicinal product, the dose should be reduced gradually.

Adverse Reactions

From the nervous system at the beginning of treatment (especially in elderly patients) – drowsiness, feeling of tiredness, dizziness, decreased ability to concentrate, ataxia, disorientation, unsteady gait, slowed mental and motor reactions, confusion; rarely – headache, euphoria, depression, tremor, memory impairment, coordination disorders (especially at high doses), depressed mood, dystonic extrapyramidal reactions (uncontrolled movements, including eye movements), asthenia, myasthenia, dysarthria, epileptic seizures (in patients with epilepsy); extremely rarely – paradoxical reactions (aggressive outbursts, psychomotor agitation, fear, suicidal tendency, muscle spasm, hallucinations, agitation, irritability, anxiety, insomnia).

From the hematopoietic organs leukopenia, neutropenia, agranulocytosis (chills, hyperthermia, sore throat, excessive fatigue or weakness), anemia, thrombocytopenia.

From the digestive system dry mouth or salivation, heartburn, nausea, vomiting, decreased appetite, constipation or diarrhea; impaired liver function, increased activity of hepatic transaminases and alkaline phosphatase, jaundice.

From the genitourinary system: urinary incontinence, urinary retention, impaired renal function, decreased or increased libido, dysmenorrhea.

Allergic reactions skin rash, itching.

Local reactions phlebitis or venous thrombosis (redness, swelling or pain at the injection site).

Other tolerance, drug dependence; decreased blood pressure; rarely – visual impairment (diplopia), weight loss, tachycardia.

With a sharp dose reduction or discontinuation of use – withdrawal syndrome (irritability, nervousness, sleep disorders, dysphoria, spasm of smooth muscles of internal organs and skeletal muscles, depersonalization, increased sweating, depression, nausea, vomiting, tremor, perception disorders, including hyperacusis, paresthesia, photophobia; tachycardia, convulsions, rarely – acute psychosis).

Contraindications

Coma, shock, myasthenia gravis, closed-angle glaucoma (acute attack or predisposition), acute alcohol poisoning (with weakening of vital functions), narcotic analgesics and hypnotics, severe COPD (possible increase in respiratory failure), acute respiratory failure, severe depression (suicidal tendencies may manifest); first trimester of pregnancy, lactation period, children and adolescents under 18 years of age (safety and efficacy not established), hypersensitivity (including to other benzodiazepines).

Use in Pregnancy and Lactation

During pregnancy, use is possible only for vital indications. It has a toxic effect on the fetus and increases the risk of congenital malformations when used in the first trimester of pregnancy. Use in therapeutic doses later in pregnancy may cause CNS depression in the newborn. Continuous use during pregnancy can lead to physical dependence with the development of withdrawal syndrome in the newborn. Children, especially younger ones, are very sensitive to the CNS depressant effects of benzodiazepines.

Use immediately before or during childbirth may cause respiratory depression, decreased muscle tone, hypotension, hypothermia, and weak sucking reflex in the newborn (“floppy infant” syndrome).

Use in Hepatic Impairment

Use with caution in hepatic insufficiency.

Use in Renal Impairment

Use with caution in renal insufficiency.

Pediatric Use

Contraindicated in children and adolescents under 18 years of age (safety and efficacy not established).

Special Precautions

Use with caution in hepatic and/or renal insufficiency, cerebral and spinal ataxia, history of drug dependence, tendency to abuse psychoactive drugs, hyperkinesis, organic brain diseases, psychosis (paradoxical reactions are possible), hypoproteinemia, sleep apnea (established or suspected), in elderly patients.

In renal and/or hepatic insufficiency and during long-term treatment, it is necessary to monitor the peripheral blood picture and the activity of liver enzymes.

In patients who have not previously taken psychoactive drugs, a therapeutic response to the use of bromdihydrochlorphenylbenzodiazepine is observed at lower doses compared to patients who have taken antidepressants, anxiolytics, or those suffering from alcoholism.

Like other benzodiazepines, it has the ability to cause drug dependence with long-term use in high doses (more than 4 mg/day). With sudden discontinuation of use, withdrawal syndrome may occur (including depression, irritability, insomnia, increased sweating), especially after long-term use (more than 8-12 weeks). If patients experience such unusual reactions as increased aggressiveness, acute states of agitation, feelings of fear, suicidal thoughts, hallucinations, increased muscle cramps, difficulty falling asleep, shallow sleep, treatment should be discontinued.

During treatment, patients are strictly prohibited from consuming ethanol.

In case of overdose, pronounced drowsiness, prolonged confusion, decreased reflexes, prolonged dysarthria, nystagmus, tremor, bradycardia, shortness of breath or difficulty breathing, decreased blood pressure, coma are possible. Gastric lavage, intake of activated charcoal are recommended; symptomatic therapy (maintenance of respiration and blood pressure), administration of flumazenil (in a hospital setting); hemodialysis is not very effective.

Effect on ability to drive vehicles and operate machinery

During the treatment period, caution should be exercised when driving vehicles and engaging in other potentially hazardous activities that require increased concentration and speed of psychomotor reactions.

Drug Interactions

With simultaneous use, Bromdihydrochlorphenylbenzodiazepine reduces the effectiveness of levodopa in patients with parkinsonism.

Bromdihydrochlorphenylbenzodiazepine may increase the toxicity of zidovudine.

Mutual enhancement of the effect is noted with simultaneous use of antipsychotic, anticonvulsant or hypnotic agents, as well as central muscle relaxants, narcotic analgesics, ethanol.

Inhibitors of microsomal oxidation increase the risk of toxic effects. Inducers of liver microsomal enzymes reduce effectiveness.

Increases the concentration of imipramine in blood serum.

With simultaneous use with antihypertensive agents, an enhancement of the antihypertensive effect is possible. Against the background of simultaneous administration of clozapine, an increase in respiratory depression is possible.

Storage Conditions

Store at 2°C (36°F) to 25°C (77°F). Keep in original packaging, protected from light. Keep out of reach of children.

Dispensing Status

Rx Only

Important Safety Information

This information is for educational purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice. Always consult your doctor before use. Dosage and side effects may vary. Use only as prescribed.