Dexamethasone ampoules

Release form

Solution for injection

Composition

1 ml of solution contains dexamethasone phosphate (sodium salt) 4 mg.

Packaging

10 ampoules of 1ml.

25 ampoules of 1 ml.

25 ampoules of 2 ml.

Pharmacological action

Dexamethasone – a synthetic glucocorticoid drug, which includes a fluorine atom. 

Has a pronounced anti-inflammatory, antiallergic and desensitizing effect, has immunosuppressive activity. Slightly delay sodium and water in the body. These effects are associated with inhibition of the eosinophils release inflammatory mediators, induction of the formation of lipokortinov and reduce the number of fat cells, generating gialuronovu acid, reduces capillary permeability, stabilization of cell membranes (especially lysosomal) membranes and organelles. Immunosuppressive effect due to inhibition of the release of cytokines (interleukin 1, 2, gamma-interferon) from lymphocytes and macrophages. The main influence on the metabolism associated with protein catabolism, increased hepatic gluconeogenesis and decreased glucose utilization peripheral tissues.

Testimony

Considering the readings and the prescribed doses are recommended for the treatment of all those diseases that are amenable to systemic treatment with glucocorticoids (if necessary as an additional treatment to the main one), if topical treatment or oral impossible or ineffective: 

• shock of various origins (anaphylactic, posttraumatic, postoperative, cardiogenic, blood transfusion, etc.) 
• swelling of the brain (with brain tumors, traumatic brain injury, neurosurgical intervention, brain hemorrhage, encephalitis, meningitis, radiation damage), 
• status asthmaticus, 
• severe allergic reactions (angioedema, bronchospasm, dermatosis, acute anaphylactic reaction to drugs, transfusion serum, pyrogenic reactions), 
• acute hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, 
• acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 
• severe infectious diseases (in combination with antibiotics), 
• acute adrenal insufficiency, 
• acute croup, 
• acute (or exacerbation) in rheumatic diseases, systemic connective tissue diseases and diseases of the joints (scapulohumeral periarthritis, epicondylitis, styleedit, bursitis, tenosynovitis, compression neuropathy, osteochondrosis, arthritis of various etiologies, osteoarthritis), 
• diagnosis of adrenocortical insufficiency pituitary short stature (in children), mood disorders, including depression.

Contraindications

Arterial hypertension, a disease Itsenko — Kushinga, psychosis, renal failure, osteoporosis, gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer, bacterial endocarditis, syphilis, tuberculosis, diabetes mellitus, pregnancy, systemic mycoses, infectious lesions of joints, obesity III-IV degree, increased sensitivity to dexamethasone.

Method of application and doses

The dose of Dexamethasone is determined individually, depending on the disease and the patient. 

In/in, in/m (parenteral): 

Dexamethasone is administered intravenously slowly or drip, and intramuscular. The dose of Dexamethasone is determined individually. During the day you can enter from 4 to 20 mg 3 or 4 times. The maximum daily dose – 80 mg. In exceptional cases – above. Duration of parenteral administration is usually 3-4 days, then move on to maintenance therapy of oral form of Dexamethasone. 

In the acute period in various diseases and early treatment of Dexamethasone used in higher doses. When the effect of dose of Dexamethasone is reduced every few days until a maintenance dose or until discontinuation of treatment. 

In shock (adult) -/, 20 mg once, followed by 3 mg/kg over 24 h as a continuous infusion or in/in momentary 2-6 mg/kg or in/to 40 mg every 2-6 (4-6) h 

Cerebral edema (adults) – 10 mg IV, then 4 mg every 6 h/m to eliminate symptoms, reduce the dose of 2-4 days and gradually, within 5-7 days, stop treatment. 

In case of insufficiency of the adrenal cortex (the children) – I/m 0,0233 mg/kg (0,67 mg/m2) per day in 3 injection every third day or daily 0,00776-0,01165 mg/kg (0,233-0,335 mg/m2) per day.

Side effects

When short-term therapy: nausea, vomiting, bradycardia, arrhythmias, ulceration of the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract, decreased immunity.

With prolonged use: the syndrome Itsenko-Kushinga, hyperglycemia, pancreatitis, myocardial dystrophy, headache, convulsions, psychosis.